1. Integers (int):
Integers represent whole numbers without a fractional or decimal part.
x = 42
y = -7
2. Floating-Point Numbers (float):
Floating-point numbers represent real numbers with a decimal or fractional part. They use a decimal point to differentiate from integers.
a = 3.14
b = -0.5
3. Complex Numbers (complex):
Complex numbers consist of a real part and an imaginary part, denoted by "j" or "J."
z = 2 + 3j
w = -1 - 0.5j
4. Number Conversions:
You can convert between number types using constructors, such as int(), float(), and complex().
x = int(3.14) # Convert to integer
y = float(42) # Convert to float
z = complex(2) # Convert to complex
5. Basic Number Operations:
Python supports standard arithmetic operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.
a = 10
b = 3
addition = a + b
subtraction = a - b
multiplication = a * b
division = a / b
modulus = a % b
6. Exponentiation:
You can raise a number to a power using the ** operator.
squared = 5 ** 2
cubed = 2 ** 3
7. Math Functions:
Python's math module provides a wide range of mathematical functions for more advanced numerical calculations.
import math
sqrt_val = math.sqrt(16)
8. Number Comparisons:
You can compare numbers using comparison operators, such as ==, <, >, <=, and >=.
is_equal = 5 == 5
is_less_than = 3 < 5
is_greater_than = 7 > 9
9. Number Type Checking:
You can check the type of a variable using the isinstance() function.
num = 42
is_int = isinstance(num, int)
10. Type Conversion:
You can convert numbers to strings using the str() function.
num = 123
num_str = str(num)
11. Infinite and NaN:
Python provides special constants for positive and negative infinity, as well as for "Not-a-Number" (NaN).
pos_inf = float('inf')
neg_inf = float('-inf')
not_a_number = float('nan')
Python's support for various numeric types and operations makes it a versatile language for mathematical and scientific computing. You can perform a wide range of calculations, including basic arithmetic, advanced mathematical functions, and complex number operations using Python's built-in capabilities and libraries.
