C++ Operators:
1. Arithmetic Operators:
+ (Addition): Adds two values together.
int a = 5, b = 3;
int sum = a + b; // sum is now 8
- (Subtraction): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
int a = 10, b = 4;
int difference = a - b; // difference is now 6
* (Multiplication): Multiplies two values.
int a = 7, b = 2;
int product = a * b; // product is now 14
/ (Division): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
int a = 20, b = 4;
int result = a / b; // result is now 5
% (Modulus): Computes the remainder of the division of the left operand by the right operand.
int a = 17, b = 5;
int remainder = a % b; // remainder is 2
2. Relational Operators:
== (Equal to): Checks if two values are equal.
int a = 5, b = 5;
bool isEqual = (a == b); // isEqual is true
!= (Not equal to): Checks if two values are not equal.
int a = 6, b = 5;
bool isNotEqual = (a != b); // isNotEqual is true
< (Less than): Checks if the left operand is less than the right operand.
int a = 3, b = 5;
bool isLess = (a < b); // isLess is true
> (Greater than): Checks if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
int a = 8, b = 5;
bool isGreater = (a > b); // isGreater is true
<= (Less than or equal to): Checks if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
int a = 5, b = 5;
bool isLessOrEqual = (a <= b); // isLessOrEqual is true
>= (Greater than or equal to): Checks if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
int a = 6, b = 5;
bool isGreaterOrEqual = (a >= b); // isGreaterOrEqual is true
3. Logical Operators:
&& (Logical AND): Returns true if both operands are true.
bool x = true, y = false;
bool result = x && y; // result is false
|| (Logical OR): Returns true if at least one of the operands is true.
bool x = true, y = false;
bool result = x || y; // result is true
! (Logical NOT): Inverts the value of the operand.
bool x = true;
bool result = !x; // result is false
4. Assignment Operators:
= (Assignment): Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
a = b; // 'a' is now 5
+= (Add and assign): Adds the right operand to the left operand and stores the result in the left operand.
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
a += b; // 'a' is now 8
-= (Subtract and assign): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and stores the result in the left operand.
int a = 10;
int b = 4;
a -= b; // 'a' is now 6
5. Increment and Decrement Operators:
++ (Increment): Increases the value of a variable by 1.
int a = 5;
a++; // 'a' is now 6
-- (Decrement): Decreases the value of a variable by 1.
int a = 5;
a--; // 'a' is now 4
6. Bitwise Operators:
C++ provides various bitwise operators like &, |, ^, ~, <<, and >> for bitwise manipulation. These are often used for low-level bit-level operations.
7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator:
? : (Conditional Operator): Used for a concise way of expressing an if-else statement.
int a = 5, b = 3;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b; // max is 5
8. Comma Operator:
, (Comma Operator): Used to separate expressions and evaluate them left to right.
int a = 5, b = 10, c;
c = (a++, b++); // 'c' gets the value of 'b', and 'a' and 'b' are incremented
9. Member Access Operators:
. (Dot Operator): Accesses a member of an object (used with structures and classes).
struct Point {
int x, y;
};
Point p;
p.x = 5; // Using dot operator
-> (Arrow Operator): Accesses a member of an object through a pointer to an object.
struct Point {
int x, y;
};
Point p;
Point* ptr = &p;
ptr->y = 10; // Using arrow operator
