An array is a data structure that holds multiple elements of the same type in sequence, allowing efficient indexing and manipulation.

A binary tree is a tree data structure where each node has at most two children.

C is a powerful general-purpose programming language that provides low-level access to memory.

C++ is an extension of C with additional object-oriented features.

Greedy algorithms make locally optimal choices to solve optimization problems.

Hashing transforms input data into a fixed-size string, allowing efficient data retrieval.

Java is a versatile programming language known for its platform independence.

A linked list allows efficient insertion and deletion operations compared to arrays.

Python is a high-level programming language known for its readability and simplicity.

A queue follows the First In First Out (FIFO) principle.

A stack follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

A string is a sequence of characters used to represent text.

Sorting arranges data in a specific order.

Searching finds a specific element in a collection of data.

Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself.

Backtracking incrementally builds candidates to the solutions and abandons candidates that fail to satisfy the constraints.

Dynamic programming breaks problems into simpler subproblems and stores results to avoid redundant computations.

Graph theory studies graphs, which model pairwise relations between objects.

Bit manipulation involves algorithms that directly manipulate bits.

Mathematics studies numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns.

The sliding window technique efficiently solves problems involving sequences or arrays.

Divide and conquer breaks problems into smaller subproblems and combines their results.

Matrix manipulation involves operations on matrices, including addition and multiplication.

The two pointers technique uses two pointers to traverse data structures.